Monday, April 6, 2009

Do We Need CEO's?

The uproar over "excessive" and "unearned" compensation packages for CEO's and other senior executives in AIG and other financial giants receiving federal bailout funds calls attention to the role and importance of CEO's. The underlying assumption is that a single all-powerful executive standing atop a pyramid of underlyings is an essential element in modern businesses. That being so, when there is a problem, the solution is clear; get rid of the old CEO and move in a new one. 

But Maybe Not! The main functional reason for such a CEO is that it simplifies and enables crisp decisions. But it makes no sense to expect the CEO, or any other single person, to figure out the alternatives and their implications, and also to pick the "best" one. A CEO is a tie-breaker, a discussion-shortener and a consistency-ensurer. She is a referee. Must she also have all the ideas; certainly not. Does she need to know everything that's going on in her company; in fact, can she? Of course not. Is she automatically the best judge of company direction? Not at all. 

How else can we run organizations? There are other alternatives. Many well-known and highly esteemed orchestras and ensembles have run successfully without a conductor. Corporations, after losing their CEO's, have often gone for long periods under a "caretaker" CEO, with no apparent damage. Moreover, if a famous CEO goes from great success at one company to failure at another, such as Bob Nardelli did in his transfer from GE to Home Depot, what are we to conclude? (Of course, once a CEO, always a CEO; Nardelli went on to take over Chrysler, whose epitaph is being written right now.)

There are also fairly large and very successful companies run with few executives at all. Semco, a rural Brazilian manufacturer of industrial components, has run with a nominal but almost completely inactive CEO, Ricardo Semler (who wrote about his company in "Maverick".) And Procter & Gamble has for decades run large and complex factories as stand-alone enterprises, sometimes without any identified managers at all. And, of course, the opposite is also true. Many old-fashioned CEO's have destroyed the companies they ran, and that includes not only the current financial firms, but many earlier ones. ("Chainsaw Al" Dunlap, for example, destroyed Scott Paper.) 

The bottom line is simple.  There are lots of ways to organize effectively. It may make sense to have a CEO, but her authority, her tenure, her background, her education and her age can all vary greatly. And her compensation should in those circumstances be equal to or only modestly above her usual peers. 

It's time to end the cult of the famous CEO.

1 comment:

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